In 1992, the Northern Alliance was established in opposition of the communist government led by General Abdul Rashid Dostum. When the Taliban emerged in late 1994, they were initially welcomed for neutralizing and disbanding many of the violent, mercenary militias that had formed throughout Afghanistan. However, as the Pashtun-dominated faction gained more power and seized control of more territory, the Northern Alliance formed in opposition of the Taliban's use of indiscriminate violence and repression. By early 1997, the Taliban had launched a large-scale offensive against the Northern Alliance, capturing several of the positions it held to the north of Kabul. To complicate matters further, General Abdul Malik, a key commander in the Alliance, staged a pro-Taliban revolt and forced General Dostum, a major Alliance leader, to flee the country and seek refuge in Turkey. However, as Taliban troops began infiltrating several northern areas and disarming…
National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan (JMA)
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