The Tontons Macoutes force was created in 1959 after President François Duvalier perceived threats from the regular armed forces. After an attempted coup d'état against him in 1958, Duvalier disbanded the army and all law enforcement agencies in Haiti, and executed all high-ranking generals. Duvalier authorized the Tontons Macoutes to commit systematic violence on his opponents, and they were responsible for unknown numbers of murders and rapes. Duvalier employed the Tonton Macoute in a reign of terror against any opponents, including those who proposed progressive social systems.
Tontons Macoutes -- Haiti
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Groups and individuals included in TRAC's database range from actual perpetrators of social or political violence to more passive groups that support or condone (perhaps unwittingly) such violence. The spectrum of violence represented by these groups is vast, from Jihadists who bomb train stations to financial institutions that transfer funds. Some groups that originally engaged in violence but have since become legitimate political parties are included to provide historical perspective. TRAC is in no way attempting to determine whether groups or individuals are terrorists -- only to convey reported information about their activities and official State status. While TRAC attempts to ensure the accuracy of its TRAC database, the entries in the database are from numerous different sources. Hence, TRAC cannot and does not warrant the accuracy of the entries in its database. The editors of TRAC may modify these entries at any time and welcome comments and suggested corrections or additions. Please write [email protected] or hit the "SUBMIT ADDITIONS" button on the page of the group profile about which you wish to comment.
