Raïa Mutomboki is an anarchic structured self defence group that consists of various localised self-defence militia groups in the eastern DRC. The group emerged during 2005 in response to the killing of 12 residents of the Kyokoa village by the FDLR (Hutu rebel group that fled to eastern DRC following the Rwanda civil war of 1994).  Raia Mutomboki ideology is defined with a Congolese nationalism narrative, fighting against the threat of foreigners, with the FDLR/interahamwe rebels from Rwanda as enemy and target.